Latihan Soal Ekonomi Unas SMA 2012

The global economy continues to show signs of slowing down, causing many economists to fear and warn of a second round of credit tightening and a double dip or perhaps triple dip recession. Many investors continue to be spooked and remain on the fence, uncertain of whether to put their hard-earned money in the stock market or whether to seek out safer havens such as bonds. What is certain is this: uncertainty remains ahead.

Recent reports and data such that manufacturing in particular in places such as the European Union (particularly the United Kingdom) as well in China was down, weaker than was even anticipated and forecast. Service industry jobs also in Europe were seen to be experiencing a downturn as well. This data comes in tandem the with U.S. Federal Reserve Bank sounding alarm bells recently warning the economy of the United States is facing significant risk of backsliding, receding faster than a middle-aged man's hairline. Adding to the grief is the fact that the prices and values of commodities such as pork bellies as well as stocks are down worldwide.
What is clear now to financial experts and analysis as well as political pundits is that there is a very real economic skid that is taking place now. Let us hope that another terrorist event such as 9/11 does not occur again. That would truly be the last straw that broke the camel's back. The fact is that we now live in a time of a truly global economy. It is no longer a dream or aspiration. It is now reality. A slowdown (or uptick) in one country's economy can have ripple effects that can either be positive or negative.

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Where we are today is that even in the traditionally strongest economies in Europe (those of Germany and France), economic growth has stalled to near flat-line levels. Now we are not saying that a lost decade such as what was experienced by Japan is possible, but clearly now is the time to take stock of one's financial standing and shore up one's footing and move to more solid ground. Uncertainty in financial markets can cause a downturn in manufacturing. A slowdown in durable goods order in the manufacturing sector can cause the stock market to drop, etc.
Therefore, let us keep watchful eyes on world economic events and hope for the best.

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Latihan Soal Geografi Unas SMA 2012

In 1984, the National Council for Geographic Education and the Association of American Geographers jointly formulated the statement on the five themes of geography. The creation of the five themes of geography has since be supplanted by the National Geography Standards, but still provides an excellent base to facilitate and organize the teaching of geography in grades K-12.

LOCATION
The first of the five themes of geography is that of location. Location is the study of where the feature sits either relatively or absolutely. It may be a listing of latitude and longitude or GPS system coordinates. Street address are also an absolute location, as is a township and range. The first of the five themes of geography can also be relational. An example is the statement that "Seattle, Washington is north of Portland, Oregon."

PLACE
The second element of the five themes of geography is that of place. This portion of the five themes of geography describes places in terms of both the humans and the physical characteristics of the site. The human side of the equation includes the effects which humans have had on the land and surroundings. This might be cultural, architectural, occupational and recreational use of the land and even transportation systems. The physical aspect of the five themes of geography describes mountain, lakes, rivers and deserts as well and the plant and animal life which occupies the space.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
This category of the five themes of geography describes how humans both modify and adapt to their environment. Humans have reshaped the land, changed the flow of rivers, dug the Panama Canal. All these are examples of the human-environment interaction portion of the five themes of geography.

MOVEMENT
This theme of the five themes of geography studies the movement of humans across the face of the earth. It can include ideas, resources, communications as well as fads and durable goods. The entire picture and history of human emigration and movement across the surface of the planet forms the basis for the fourth of the five themes of geography.

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REGION
Finally, the fifth of the five themes of geography describes a place in terms of its position on the surface of the earth. Regions can be formal, such as cities, counties, states or countries. The boundaries are wide known and generally understood. Regions can be functional, such as describing the coverage area for cell phone service. The third type of region does not have precise boundaries, but is generally understood from a mental map we have learned over the years. . Different age and grade levels can absorb different levels of these themes at any one time. Typically the younger age groups will begin with themes one and will master the states of the United States, or the State Capital of their home state.

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Latihan Soal Sosiologi Unas SMA 2012

The development of sociology was born out of two revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789, and the Industrial revolution. Both of these events destroyed all previous social norms and created a new social organization: the modern industrial society. In particular, the French Revolution destroyed not only the political and social foundations of France, but almost every country in Europe and the North Americas. Ideas of liberty and equality were put into practice, setting the stage for a completely new social and political order. These changes also represented the victory for the downtrodden in France, and the beginnings of societies in other countries based on the individual and individualism. A new class of people, emboldened by what happened in France, appeared on the political stages of Europe and North America and were not afraid to fight for their rights as citizens and human beings.

The concept of modernity came about when classical theorists needed to understand the meaning and significance of the Twin Revolutions and the effects of industrialization, urbanization, and political democracy on rural societies. The term 'modernity' was coined to capture these changes in progress by contrasting the "modern" with the "traditional." Modernity referred to a world constructed anew through the active and conscious intervention of individuals. In modern societies, the world is experienced as a human construction, an experience that gives rise to a new sense of freedom and to a basic anxiety about the openness of the future.
Modernity consists of three elements: traditional, institutional, and cultural. Traditional modernity means that there is a historical consciousness, a sense of breaking with the past, and a post-traditional consciousness of what is going on in the world. Institutional modernity is concerned with capitalism, industrialism, urbanism, and the democratic nation-state. Cultural modernity entails new beliefs about science, economics, and education. It involves a criticism of religion and separation of religion from politics and education.
A new social science was created in the wake of these events and was given the name 'sociology' by Auguste Comte, a French philosopher and he is thought of as the founder of modern sociology. Sociology is not only about intellect, but is connected with developments in the social world and changes in society. One reason why sociology is different than the other social sciences is that it attempts to describe different sets of social forces that develop in a society at different times and places, with different actors and results. As societies change, it is the nature of these changes that sociologists attempt to explain, and it is the changes themselves that lead to different explanations of these changes.
For example, Marx's political-economic theory is an explanation of nineteenth century capitalism as it developed in Britain. Weber's analysis of bureaucracy and rationalization could not have emerged much sooner than it did, because the bureaucratic structures and the forces of rationalization had not developed all that much before Weber's time. And Durkheim's analysis of the changing division of labor could take place only once some of the economic and social trends of modern, industrial societies became apparent. The same is true today: as society changes and becomes more modern, new sociological theories and approaches are developed in an attempt to understand and explain these changes.
Marx, Weber, and Durkheim had different views on modernity. For Marx, modernity is capitalism and he felt that the ideal of true democracy is one of the great lies of capitalism. He thought that the only ideas that came out of a capitalist society was alienation, class conflict, and revolution. He also thought that capitalism will be eventually destroyed by revolution. Humans participate in their own oppression through false conscious, any belief, idea, or ideology that interferes with an exploited and oppressed person or group being able to perceive the objective nature and source of their oppression.

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Weber construes modernity as rationalization, bureaucratization, and the "Iron Cage." For him, the history of modernization was increased rationalization. Everything humans depend on would be controlled by large capitalist bureaucratic organizations.

Durkheim saw modernity as moral order, anomie and the decline of social solidarity. In his analysis of modernity, there is a breakdown of social values, the breaking down of traditional social order. Anomie is a transitional problem, lacking moral regulation. Increased egotism is also a problem. All three of these classic theorists had a very critical view of modern capitalism and society.

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Latihan Soal Biologi Unas SMA 2012

Biology plays a key role in industrialization and other sectors of the economy. In general, the importance of biology to humanity can be outlined as follows:
(i) The learning of biology helps us to know how to use natural resources more efficiently in industry e.g. in bio-technology, food production, building and textile and paper industries.
(ii) The learning of biology helps us to understand changes in the environment and the factors affecting these changes, in order to know how human needs are influenced.
(iii) The learning of biology is important in helping mankind to find effective ways of preventing, treating and curing diseases and home management techniques e.g. better methods of food preservation, efficient food preparation and care of the family.

(iv) The learning of biology is important in helping the improvement of agricultural yields through scientific research.
There has been public outcry and concern by parents, teachers, educationists in Kenya about poor performance in science subjects and mathematics in national examinations.
But do you know the biology teacher has a role to play in this poor performance?
Biology as a science subject requires an integration of both theoretical and practical work to make it easily understood by the students. The largest proportion of teachers still use the conventional lecture method while teaching biology.
Teacher expectations have a bearing on the attitude and science anxiety levels of the learners particularly when the learners are aware of the level of expectation the teacher has of them.
In relation to the teaching and learning of biology, attitudes begin to develop on the first encounter between the teacher and the learner, once formed they play a key role in determining students' learning and performance in biology.
Authoritarian and impersonal teacher- student interaction in class could be the major factor that contributes to negative attitude of the students towards learning biology. On the other hand, democratic and personal teacher-student interaction in class elicits positive attitude towards learning biology
The teaching approach, methodology and how the professional skills and practices of the teacher are displayed may be dependent on the level of science anxiety the biology teacher has.

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A teacher who suffers from career dissatisfaction is likely to contribute negatively in terms of performance of the learners in biology; this is because the teacher will have lower self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety. This kind of teacher is likely to develop negative attitude towards the students and his/her interaction with the students will be negative and this may contribute to a negative attitude of the students towards biology with the likelihood of the students developing high levels of anxiety towards the subject.
Therefore, teacher perceptions, teaching methods applied, the type of teacher -pupil classroom interactions, teacher expectations of students in terms of performance and science anxiety levels of the teachers- partly contributed by lack of job dissatisfaction or satisfaction are the key factors that influence performance in biology in Kenyan secondary schools.

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Latihan Soal Kimia Unas SMA 2012

There are three significant reasons to study chemistry. First, chemistry has an important practical application in society. The development of life-saving drugs is one, and a complete list would touch upon most areas of modern technology.
Finally, chemistry figures prominently in other fields, such as in biology, in the advancement of medicines. Chemistry in every field as a useful intellectual tool for making important decisions.
The role of chemistry in the prevailing society is of enormous benefits. Chlorine has become an important commercial chemical. Today chlorine has turned into the main eement of producing more then one thousand chlorine compounds, which are of great importance in chemical industry, producing Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) as plastics for pipes. Other Chlorine compound are used as bleaching agent, disinfectants, solvents, pesticides, refrigerants, flame retardant and drugs.
Cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery are dengerous diseases, transmitted through impure drinking water. All such water - borne diseases are all but eliminated from most of the part of the world, when water supplies are treated with chlorine which kill pathogenic (disease-causing) organism. Chemistry plays an important role in the modern world. For example food, synthetic, plastics, medecines, soap, detergents, cometics, fertilizers, glass and explosives are the major gift of chemistry.

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The applications of chemistry are much like the science itself, undergoing constant changes. chemistry is an extremely practical science of enviroment, providing our everyday needs of food, clothing and shelters. Using chemistry we have discovered pharmaceutical chemical that enhance potantials of harming our health or the environment. It is in our best interest as educated citizens and consumers to understand the profound effect, both positive and negative thats chemicals have on our lives.
We use fluoride compounds such as SnF2, Na2 PO4. F(Sodium fluoro phosphate) and NaF in our tooth pastes to protect and control tooth decay. It is a great beneficence of chemistry on the society.

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Latihan Soal Fisika Unas SMA 2012

All measurements in physics, even of such things as electric current, are related to the three chosen fundamental quantities of length, mass and time. Until about the year 1800, workers in various countries used different systems of units. Thus, while the English used inches, a continental scientist would measure lengths in centimeters. Fortunately, this unsatisfactory situation has now been changed by the efforts of various international committees of scientists who have met for discussion regularly over many years.
In 1960 the General Conference of Weights and Measures recommended that everyone should use a metric system of measurement called the International System of Units (abbreviated SI in all languages). The SI units are derived from the earlier MKS system, so called because its first three basic units are the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), and the second (s).

Measurement of length
The SI unit of length is the meter. Originally defined as the distance, at 0 C. between two lines on a platinum-iridium bar kept at the International Office of Weights and Measures at Sevres near Paris. Copies of this standard were sent to other countries. Now the trouble with metal standards of this kind is that they are liable to undergo minute changes in length as the years go by. For instance, tests have shown that the imperial standard yard has shrunk by a few parts in a million since it was made in 1845. Small though this error is the exacting requirements of modern science demand something better. The standard meter is, of course, open to the same objection. In 1983 the General Conference of Weights and Measures redefined the meter as the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.

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For most practical purposes we still have to use metal standards which are checked by an interference comparator and this uses the wavelength of light. However some simple experiments for measuring the wavelength of light.
Various other metric units of length are related to the meter by either multiples or sub multiples of 10. 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)
1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters mm)
Very small lengths are measured in micrometers (.tm) and nanometers (nm).
1 meter = 1 000 000 (or l06)?m
= 1 000 000 000 (or 109)nm
For day-to-day work in elementary physics laboratories we use meter and half-meter rules made of boxwood. They are graduated in centimeters and millimeters. Care should he taken to avoid damage to the ends of these rules, as they do not have a short un-graduated portion at the ends to take the wear. Owing to the thickness of the wood, the eye must always be placed vertically above the mark being read, in order to avoid errors due to parallax millimeter scale giving a reading of 28 cm 3 mm. Since, in science, we invariably use decimals rather than fractions, we write this as 28:35 cm.

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Latihan Soal Matematika Unas SMA 2012

Mathematics is one of the most important and useful subjects in a child's education. In fact, a child carries his or her solid knowledge of math right into adulthood. There are several reasons why it is important for children to learn and remember their math facts.

First, a child with a thorough knowledge of the basic math facts is less reliant on a calculator to solve simple problems. A child who is able to solve math problems mentally has an advantage over others who depend upon a calculator for help. For instance, during a test children who can quickly solve addition and subtraction problems without the assistance of a calculator will likely have extra time to go back to review their test answers. Furthermore, a child may not always have access to a calculator in order to solve a basic mathematics problem.

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Next, children who dedicate a portion of their study time to math practice are able to build on their successes. For example, a child who succeeds in memorizing the multiplication tables will be better equipped to move on to the basics of division. With each accomplishment, a child will develop more confidence and be more willing to accept the next math challenge. A young person's practice will continue to be of value in later life. For instance, a child who wants to pursue a career as a mathematics teacher will definitely need a solid knowledge of math. A mathematics teacher with quick and accurate skills will serve as a positive model for his or her students. Alternatively, a young person who aspires to own a business will also profit from a thorough knowledge of mathematics. Sales numbers, rent, and daily expenses are just a few of the matters that a business owner has to deal with. Expenses, savings, and investments are all important matters when it comes to caring for a family's financial life. On a smaller scale, estimating the grocery budget of a family is a quick process for a person with sharp addition skills.
In short, the knowledge of mathematics is very helpful in many aspects of a person's life. Whether someone decides upon a career as an educator or simply wants to keep track of a family's expenses, these skills prove useful in countless ways.

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Latihan Soal Bahasa Inggris Unas SMA 2012

If you're considering a job teaching English, you're in good company. The large number of U.S. immigrants, coupled with the many businesses that focus on teaching English overseas means this can be a viable career option. Before you think about working as a teacher, though, arm yourself with some easy to understand methods so you can teach successfully, whether you're working to teach young children, college students or professional business people.

Use Facial Expressions And Other Non-Verbal Cues

How can you even begin teaching English if you don't speak your students' language and they don't speak yours? Non-verbal cues and facial expressions will be vital in the first couple days of your lessons. For instance, if you're trying to convey the feeling of being hot, you could wipe your forehead and fan your face with your hands.

Label Everything When Teaching English

Labeling everything in the room is a great idea. Use simple index cards and clearly print the English and native word before taping the cards to everything around the room. Label the door, desks, floor, chairs and everything else and your students will have an easier time learning these important words.

Immerse Your Class

Classes that are conducted entirely in English are more successful than ones that switch back and forth between languages. If your class is concerned about not knowing what's going on, make sure to write down any important information (such as homework assignments) so pupils can copy it down and take it with them after class to make sure they understand what work you want them to complete. This can help enforce what you're trying to teach, even when class isn't in session.

Repeat, Repeat, Repeat!

Repetition breeds success when you're trying to teach. Repeating words over and over is a great way to drill the words into a student's brain. If you're using the same phrases over and over, your students may be at a disadvantage if the question is ever rephrased. Let your class know different ways to convey the same idea and you'll be setting them up for success after class is over.

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Additionally, try to bring in other native speakers or use audio tapes so your class doesn't get used to hearing only your voice. By exposing them to different accents, inflections and other voice characteristics, you'll be giving your pupils a distinct advantage over one who trained solely with one person.

Treat Students With Respect

If you're teaching English, you might be tempted to correct your students each time they make a mistake. Some learners, whether they're young children, business professionals or college students, may become hesitant if they're constantly being corrected. A student who's constantly worried about making a mistake won't be able to learn effectively.

If you have a passion to teach, consider a job teaching English to non-native speakers. The rewards are immense and you'll enjoy knowing that you have made an impact on your students' lives.

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